Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: As the weather turns cold, pig farms should strengthen the prevention and control of non-plague and other diseases and reduce foreign exchanges.

Key Technical Measures to Strengthen the Management of Pig Feeding in Winter
On November 2, the website of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas released the key technical measures to strengthen the management of pig breeding in winter: with the change of seasons, the weather gradually turns cold, and the temperature in some areas drops by more than 10 ℃. In order to reduce the impact of weather changes on pig production, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsLivestockEntrusted by the Veterinary Bureau, the expert group of the national pig industry technology system put forward the following five technical measures for the reference of the majority of farmers.
Prevention and control of key diseases such as African swine fever
African swine fever virus likes cold and is afraid of heat, likes tide and is afraid of dry, and the sudden drop in temperature has created favorable conditions for the spread of African swine fever virus. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of African swine fever and other diseases, pig farms should improve the biosafety system, consciously close the farms, reduce foreign exchanges, and effectively prevent the introduction and spread of the epidemic.
First, strengthen the monitoring of abnormal pigs. All manifestations are: elevated body temperature, diarrhea/blood dysentery, vomiting, salivation, reduced feeding/anorexia, redness on the body surface, bleeding from the mouth and nose, bleeding, bleeding spots on the abdomen and other parts, neurological symptoms, etc., should be sampled. Samples must be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible after collection and submitted for inspection in a timely manner.
Secondly, do a good job in the daily management of pig farms. Reduce the frequency of staff entering and leaving the field area; achieve the field area is relatively closed, and prohibit irrelevant personnel from entering and leaving the field area; personnel entering and leaving the field area to bathe, change clothes and shoes; fumigate and decontaminate before entering the field area, and prohibit bringing in prohibited items; vehicles enter the field area for secondary decontamination; feed as soon as possible start curing bulk material, during the transition period can disinfect the feed package, and fumigest, different fields prohibit cross-use of tools; Different clothes and shoes are arranged in different areas, and clothes and shoes are changed in and out units. Animals such as dogs, cats, chickens, ducks and geese are not allowed to be raised in the farm area, and stray dogs, cats, rats, flies and mosquitoes are prevented. Standardize the treatment of dead pigs, minimize fly breeding, monitor temperature, and close areas to avoid dogs, cats and mice. Cultivate pig farm breeders to identify abnormal farm skills and establish basic biological safety awareness, select appropriate staff to train sampling skills; strengthen the inspection and supervision of technicians and background management personnel on the daily behavior of pig farm breeders.
Third, do a good job in the prevention and control of common diseases. Considering the sudden drop in temperature, the low temperature and high humidity environment is prone to induce a variety of common and frequently-occurring diseases, including: porcine respiratory diseases (mycoplasma pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, etc.), gastrointestinal diseases (colibacillosis, infectious gastroenteritis (TGE), epidemic diarrhea (PED), etc.) and various skin diseases (mycosis, scabies, staphylococcosis, etc.). The control of respiratory diseases should be started from the aspects of eliminating pathogens, improving the environment of pig farms and strengthening the management of feeding. Gastrointestinal diseases are mostly treated by rehydration, antidiarrheal, prevention of dehydration and acidosis. Tannic acid protein, medicinal carbon or bismuth subnitrate can be used to stop diarrhea, adjuvant therapy, and antibiotics can also be used appropriately to prevent secondary infection. Regarding the prevention and control of swine infectious diseases such as TGE, PED and swine flu, on the one hand, it is necessary to prevent excessive temperature changes in pig houses. The ideal state is to control the temperature within 2 ℃ per hour and prevent the invasion of thieves. On the other hand, immunization and monitoring of swine infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, TGE, PED and swine flu should be carried out, and full-in and full-out management and empty-out disinfection should be done.
Do a good job in the pig house to prevent cold and keep warm
Heat preservation and ventilation are the key to pig farm management in the season of sudden temperature change. Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting the growth of pigs. Pigs of different ages have different adaptation ranges to temperature stress, I .e. the optimum temperature for pig growth and development, which can be estimated by the following formula: T =-0.06W +26, for example, the optimum temperature for 20kg piglets is T =-0.06 × 20+26=24.8 ℃(T is the optimum temperature;-0.06 is the optimum temperature coefficient; W is pig weight; 26 is the appropriate temperature constant). In response to the sudden drop in temperature, the farm must first ensure the integrity of the doors and windows of the pigsty to prevent thieves from invading. To ensure the normal power supply, water supply, heat preservation and other facilities, focus on the heat preservation of the delivery room and the piglets in the nursery, and create a warm and comfortable pigsty microclimate. Piggery buildings in the southern region pay more attention to ventilation and cooling, and the ceiling insulation is poor. In order to obtain good ventilation effect, the ceiling is higher from the ground, which is not conducive to the temperature increase in the house. In order to cope with sudden changes in weather, a temporary second-floor shed (generally 2 meters high) can be built above the pig bed in the house with plastic film, rainproof cloth, wood board and other materials, and infrared heat preservation lamps, heat preservation boards, air heaters and other measures can be used to ensure the heating of piglets in the delivery room and the temperature of the nursery.
Strict implementation of scientific disinfection procedures
Viruses such as African swine fever and pseudorabies have a strong ability to resist the external environment, and their resistance to different disinfectants is also different, especially when the temperature drops suddenly, the disinfection effect is greatly reduced. Disinfection is a key link in the prevention and control of African swine fever and other diseases. Disinfection should be done in the following links.
Disinfection of personnel. Personnel is one of the main media to bring pathogens into the pig farm, and all personnel entering the pig farm must be strictly disinfected. A bathroom for personnel shall be set up at the gate of the pig farm. All personnel entering the farm shall take a bath and change their clothes and shoes in the living area of the farm before entering the pig farm. Staff from the living area into the production area also need to take a bath, change the production area clothes, shoes. Mixing of clothes and shoes in living area and production area is strictly prohibited. The door of the pigsty shall be equipped with a foot-stepped disinfection basin and a sink. Staff entering and leaving the pigsty shall step on the disinfection basin for disinfection and clean their hands at the same time.
Disinfection of vehicles. Pig farms should ensure that off-site vehicles do not enter the pig farm by installing centralized feed towers and upgrading pig farms to enter and exit pig stations. Vehicles that really need to enter the site must be strictly cleaned, disinfected and dried.
Material disinfection. A one-way circulation material disinfection room shall be set up at the entrance of the pig farm and the entrance of the production area, and the disinfection room shall be well sealed. For small materials, 10ppm ozone can be used for fumigation and disinfection for more than 30min; For vaccines and other materials that need to be stored at low temperature, they can be removed to the minimum package and soaked or wiped with mild disinfectant. For mobile phones, computers and other electronic equipment and precision instruments, they can be wiped with chlorine preparation before being disinfected at 65 ℃ and 30min. For large materials that cannot enter the disinfection room, the disinfection machine can be used for spraying disinfection or manual wiping disinfection.
Environmental disinfection. For office buildings and dormitories, 0.5% peracetic acid or 1000 mg/L chlorine-containing preparation can be sprayed once in the morning and once in the evening. Disinfectant without washing shall be placed in offices, aisles, restaurants, delivery windows, toilets, etc. to disinfect hands at any time. For the pig house corridor in the production area, the special person in the production area is responsible for spraying 2% caustic soda every 3 days. The passages and corridors in the field area are sprayed with 2% caustic soda or glutaraldehyde once a day. The duty room and utensils in the house are sprayed and disinfected once a day.
Piggery disinfection. It is best to implement a full-scale production model for modern scale pig farms, so that each pig house can be thoroughly and terminally disinfected. After all the pigs are transferred out, the pig house must be fully cleaned before disinfection to remove all organic matter, and then disinfect twice with effective disinfectants such as glutaraldehyde and sodium hypochlorite. Pay attention to the use of different disinfectants for the two disinfection.
Drinking water disinfection. Conditional pig farms can install water purification equipment to ensure the hygiene and safety of drinking water. For pig farms that cannot install water purification equipment, disinfectants such as bleaching powder or sodium hypochlorite can be added to drinking water every week to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the water. Drinking water fountains or sinks should also be disinfected regularly. Corrosion resistant equipment, try to use caustic soda or other disinfectants with strong bactericidal effect.
Disinfection of waste. Placenta and stillbirth shall be collected, transported and treated harmlessly by special personnel. Pay attention to the collection and transfer process to prevent cross contamination, transport tools timely cleaning, disinfection, placed in the specified location. Personnel entering the house to treat sick and dead pigs must wear disposable protective clothing, masks, headgear, gloves and water shoes, use special tools to transfer sick and dead pigs, and clean and disinfect them in time after treatment.
In addition, in the pig sales link, must do a good job of personnel control, after the sale of pigs should be completely clean up the pig table and nearby visible organic substances, spray foam cleaner to cover for 30min, rinse and dry with clear water, use caustic soda, chlorine and other disinfectants spray disinfection. In order to avoid cross-over caused by personnel going out to watch pounds and communicating with pig collectors, it is better to install physical intervals at the pig exit table.
Appropriately adjust the diet formula to do a good job in daily feeding management
One is to appropriately increase the nutritional intake of pigs. Pigs need to be maintained under low temperature conditions, so the need for nutrients such as energy increases. There are two ways to increase the nutritional intake of pigs: adjusting the feed formula and moderately increasing the feed energy level, such as increasing the feed by 10%-15%CornDosage or add 2%-3% vegetable oil, and add appropriate amount of compound vitamins, amino acids, compound enzyme preparations, etc. with anti-stress and antioxidant capacity; appropriately increase the number of feeding, in winter, the day is short and the night is long, and the pigs have a long empty stomach at night. Increase the feeding once at night to increase the daily feed intake.
Second, cold feed has a great impact on pigs in winter. Try to feed dry powder or warm water mixture. If conditions permit, clean warm water should be provided for pigs to drink freely.
The third is to strengthen management, especially to strengthen the management of suckling piglets, so that piglets can eat colostrum in time, feed suckling pigs early, and promote the growth and development of piglets. Feeding management has been strengthened, and the pig's physique, cold resistance and disease resistance will be enhanced accordingly.
Take warm water for pigs to drink, the water temperature above 20 ℃, can reduce pig diarrhea, reduce the loss of body temperature. Coal stove conjoined sink, supply warm water is a good way. The coal stove is in the sink, which is connected with the sink. The outer wall of the sink and the smoke pipe passing through the sink can heat the water in the sink. Not only the coal utilization efficiency is high, but also the heating effect is good. It is worth promoting in cold regions such as northeast, northwest and north China.
At the same time, when the temperature is low, the supply of concentrate in the feed should be increased by 15% compared with usual. If conditions permit, warm and wet plate feeding can be adopted, and the energy of the diet should be increased at the same time. It is suggested that the energy of the diet in extremely cold season should be increased by 0.1-0.3 calories on the basis of the previous one, and attention should be paid to the modulation of the diet to increase the palatability to improve the feed intake. Supplementation with mineral elements and vitamins, especially in the sow and piglet stages, can increase the content of mineral elements in the feed, and evenly supplement silage and carrots to prevent long-term closure and short-term sunlight from causing vitamin deficiency and causing skin diseases or reproductive disorders.
Do a good job in breeding pigs and implement self-propagation and self-breeding.
Self-breeding and self-breeding are conducive to preventing the introduction of foreign epidemic foci. If introduction is really needed, relevant disease detection should be done in advance to prevent the purchase of sick pigs and recessive infected pigs. After the pig to the scene, isolated breeding 40-60 days, according to the established procedures for immunization, to determine no disease, can be mixed breeding.